Abstract Background The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act gave the Food and Drug Administration jurisdiction over the regulation of all tobacco products, including their nicotine content.Under this act, a major strategy to reduce harm from cigarette tobacco is lowering the nicotine content without causing unintended adverse conseque
We used large samples of expressed sequence tags to characterize the patterns of codon usage bias (CUB) in seven different Citrus species and to analyze their evolutionary effect on selection and base composition.We found that A- and T-ending codons are predominant in Citrus species.Next, we identified 21 codons for 18 different amino acids that we
The Kitchen Tongs partitioning of soluble compounds of LNAPL in groundwater is the most common scenario of release of organic contaminants in aquifers.The efficiency of this process depends of several factors, the main interfacial area LNAPL / water.In this work has been established and tested a preliminary conceptual model that includes the proces
Our objective was to determine the efficacy of manual cervical dislocation vs.a mechanical cervical dislocation device for on-farm killing of poults and young turkeys.Forty-two 1- and 3-week old turkeys were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: awake manual cervical dislocation (CD), anesthetized manual cervical dislocation (aCD),